JPMorgan Chase & Co Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

JPMorgan Chase and Co - Essay Example This examination shows that a developing number of customers are relying upon their nearby banks to meet their protection needs. (Dewett and Chand, 449). The examination incorporates a positioning of the main 50 bank holding organizations based on the outright dollar measure of all out protection income (profit from deals and guaranteeing) and based on absolute protection income as a level of the foundations complete noninterest salary. (Dewett and Chand, 449). The enthusiasm for this market keeps on expanding, and JP Morgan and Chase proceeds to reep the advantages. Besides, JP Morgan and Chase is developing its client base through Internet banking. Web banking is done rapidly. Web innovation has changed the social, money related and financial structure of the world by and helped the financial business enhance proficiency. The utilization of microprocessing chips empowers a PC to play out a few million tasks for each second. Web banking is speedy and individual. The Internet and electronic trade are absolutely changing the banking and monetary administrations industry by offering advantageous administrations that set aside almost no effort to purchase. At a solitary site on the Internet, a client might have the option to get to data and deal with his money (Perin). He might not need to visit the physical bank. With a couple of snaps of a mouse, the client may deal with his funds on the Internet with speed that is unique to the bulky procedure of visiting the bank, meeting individuals, mentioning to them what he needs, and completing his work. He might not need to leave his office to go to a bank and particularly for a personal business, he may even access his Internet bank late around evening time without trusting that the morning will accomplish his work. Putting money on the Internet sets aside clients time and cash (Perin). Web banking destinations offer basic favorable circumstances over physical branches. The accommodation of nonstop access of the Internet bank from

Sistine Chapel Essay Example

Sistine Chapel Essay The Frescos in the Sistine Chapel Michelangelo was an astonishing painter and stone carver, who had an effect on the Renaissance Era. The Renaissance centered huge energy towards human expressions, religion, and individual experience and advancement. The Renaissance Era came after the Middle Ages, which had a totally different way of life and distinctive craftsmanship procedures and attributes. The Middle Ages was a dim, discouraging time where workmanship had next to no significance outside the craftsmanship in the congregation. As Italy advanced from the Middle Ages into the Renaissance, explicit consideration was put on humanism, authenticity, a change in workmanship, and an alternate spotlight on scriptural perspectives that would perpetually describe this timeframe as observed in Michelangelo’s work, The Sistine Chapel. With Michelangelo living during the Renaissance, humanism and authenticity affected how he painted, and what calling he picked. Michelangelo’s father, Ludovico Buonarrotiwith, was a Florentine authority with solid associations with the Medici family. In his youth, Michelangelo was continually around the Medici family, and encircle himself with humanists like Marsilio Ficino and Angelo Poliziano, which affected his perspective. Humanism is a way of thinking or practice that centers around how incredible people can be. Man should pick up the most information conceivable, and become the best they can be truly and intellectually. Humanism is tied in with contemplating, getting the hang of, thinking, and getting better as a man. Obviously grasping the possibility of humanism, Michelangelo painted each character as solid and impeccable. We will compose a custom article test on Sistine Chapel explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Sistine Chapel explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Sistine Chapel explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Each human painted on the dividers of the Sistine Chapel has etched muscles, with clear six-pack chests and abs. Michelangelo delineates how people are the best thing God has made, and depicts them as incredible. The human body is considered the â€Å"noblest living form† by humanist, and people have maximum capacity truly and intellectually. Humanism makes an all inclusive man who is mentally and truly astounding and who is consistently good and righteous. On the dividers of the Sistine Chapel, the authenticity of people is portrayed with scenes brimming with human feeling and articulation. Grasping the â€Å"Enlightenment† by investigating his reality around him, Michelangelo moved away from a static, dead workmanship style to one that featured human sentiments and development. Authenticity as of now prompted the later Realism of the nineteenth century, where the significance of the conventional man turned into the focal point of craftsmanship. During the Renaissance, the possibility of articulation and feeling penetrated the way of life changing the people’s perspective and furthermore the craftsmanship. Michelangelo’s Sistine house of prayer outlines identify with Biblical stories, and show even more a characteristic and real human point of view. The new style of craftsmanship in Michelangelo’s life allowed him the chance to paint the Sistine Chapel in an exceptionally regular and genuine manner with all the emphasis on man. In the medieval occasions, craftsmanship was dynamic, dull, and overwhelming. Craftsmanship was seen with a totally alternate point of view. The medieval time was not centered around work of art, and individuals from the high society were not ready to pay for craftsmen to paint. Most craftsmen worked for the congregation in light of the fact that the congregation was the one in particular who might pay. The congregation needed workmanship managing Christian angles, so most craftsmanship was strict. Medieval craftsmanship regularly didn’t use concealing as an apparatus to upgrade artworks. The craftsmanship was ordinarily not very bright, and was frequently exceptionally dull. Not at all like Michelangelo’s take a shot at the Sistine Chapel, Medieval workmanship was not centered around human characteristics. During the Renaissance, numerous high society residents had an unexpected enthusiasm for craftsmanship, and a large number of them would recruit craftsmen to paint for them. With the new enthusiasm for workmanship, new styles were framed, making increasingly novel styles and better approaches for speculation. With the change to the Renaissance workmanship style, Michelangelo’s demonstrated the body in development, and showed the idea of people. Michelangelo utilized new strategies like viewpoint and more detail in people to make his frescos progressively enthusiastic to the watcher. He represented characters with practically zero attire, which was not a style in medieval workmanship. His artistic creations on the dividers are an extraordinary case of the Renaissance workmanship, and show the advancement, and how far craftsmanship came in such a snappy time. The Sistine Chapel is home to one of the most renowned pictorial works of art at any point made. The dividers are stunning, and make such an astonishing Biblical nearness. Pope Julius II considered Michelangelo into Rome in plans to paint the Sistine sanctuary. He was attempting to remake after devastation in the city, and furthermore chipped away at fixing St. Peter’s Basilica. Michelangelo was reluctant to acknowledge the offer since he was more into figures, however he was left with no other decision yet to acknowledge. The dividers in the Chapel hold 9 scenes from Genesis, the main book in the Bible. The frescos show God isolating light and haziness, making Adam and Eve, and increasingly Biblical stories. Every human painted on the divider shows feeling and genuinely speaks to the narratives appropriately. Michelangelo utilized new Renaissance apparatuses and another Renaissance method of hinking to paint another style that has pulled in individuals from everywhere throughout the world. A normal of 10,000 individuals travel to see the Sistine Chapel daily. Michelangelo went through years getting ready for this assignment, and drew out every scene before it was painted. Each piece of the Sistine Chapel is normal actually, and show s to a greater extent a reasonable side to Bible scenes and individuals than past craftsmanship. Michelangelo was viewed as the best High Renaissance craftsman, alongside Leonardo Da Vinci. With the popularity he had, numerous residents would venture out to see his work. With the massive measure of watchers every day, it took into account more to see Christianity in a visual manner, and helped convert innumerable individuals. Individuals would have a solid association with his craft, and develop nearer to God with seeing such magnificence. Michelangelo’s work made another method of review Christian craftsmanship, and it permitted some to place more confidence in God. Pope Julius II got Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel with the expectation that it would help reestablish Rome to its previous magnificence. Michelangelo’s difficult work paid off with its enormous prominence when he initially painted it, and that is still as solid today. Michelangelo is viewed as the â€Å"Renaissance Man,† and utilized his new styles and methods to represent such excellent scenes onto the dividers and roof of the Sistine Chapel. He utilized an undeniable and normal body to depict authenticity. He demonstrated each character with clear and solid muscles with next to no attire to show how solid and valiant people are. His style is extremely one of a kind and not quite the same as specialists who had preceded him. Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel is still today an exceptionally excellent and stunning scene that helped separate current fine art from the medieval workmanship.

Why Did William Win the Battle of Hastings Essay Sample free essay sample

In 1066 lord Edward the questioner passed on with no children to acquire the seat of England. this implied Harold Godwinson was delegated as ruler notwithstanding supposidly guaranteeing a revile to william that he would be the accompanying male ruler. Anyway harold confronted his place being jeportised on the grounds that two other decided juvenile work powers other than needed to be King. These work powers were Harald Hadrarda and William of Normandy. Britain was one of the welthiest and most powerfull state known to mankind and every one of the 3 of these work powers were set up to make whatever it took to determine the Crown. The solitary way to make up ones psyche who was venturing out to be above all else was to arraign in strife. Harold and william both arranged there powers. First Harald hardra from norway invaided England with his viking armada and battled against harold godwinson at Stanford range. After the Battle of Stamford Bridge ( In which Harald had passed on. We will compose a custom paper test on For what reason Did William Win the Battle of Hastings? Paper Sample or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page ) Harold had knowledge that william had in the end invaided and went down to Hastingss to fix to fight William. be that as it may, this was making a trip to be intense. both work powers were hopeless to be following King and at that spot could only be one victor. In my feeling the main ground to why william won was nailed to fortune. Harold eagarly foreseeing this to go on and he and his ground powers looked out for the sea shore solid and arranged for the Norman invaison. William was be aftering to jump on the sea shore and if this had happened Harold would hold butchered him. Luckily for William. the ocean was too much jerky to cruise over the channel thus William’s ground powers were trusting that the conditions will better before navigating. Fortunately for william Hadrada invaided up north and subsequently Harold went up north. Harold so battled a contention go forthing his ground powers in an a lot more fragile spot than prior. A significant ground to why harold destined was because of his ground powers was depleted and debilitated in Numberss. The contention of Stanford length was an awful 1 with the Norwegians declining to surrender untill the accompanying twenty-four hours were Hardras kid Olav consented to surrender himself and neer come back to britain. The arm so refreshed. a few beginnings guarantee that harold had an announcement with his ground powers asserting that ahrold had non shared the trophies of contention out sensibly. prehaps he had demanded keeping up the Viking armada which would hold been a huge

Medea Study guide character analysis Essays

Medea Study manage character examination Essays Medea Study control character investigation Essay Medea Study control character investigation Essay Article Topic: Medea Examining Character, strife, and topic in an emotional work. Medea By: YourNekoKittyCat Yellow Who is the hero? What attributes make that person complex-round and dynamic? Answer: Medea is the hero, from the start she was infatuated with Jason, he before long left her heart broken; chosing ravenousness over the young lady who spared his life twice. After that Medea got pitiful, it would develop within her, as she needed retribution to an ever increasing extent, each passing second was Just another idea about her scorn for Jason. Who is the foe? What is her or her inspiration? Is the enemy complex? Answer: Jason is the foe, his inspiration was cash, force, and popularity. He changes some of the time, being two-timing as in the story he said Do you imagine that Ive lost intrest in you, Medea, or that I truly care such a great amount about the pincess? Garbage! at that point saying Its past the point of no return for all that, presently that youve irritated King Creon. After Medea was cooperating. Another way he is mind boggling or a hero is Medea aved him, and he was greatful, conceivably enamored even, at that point discarding her after and before long detesting her. - Who are the level or static characters? How would you know? Answer: There are a couple of level/static characters, some of them are the Nurse, she kept on dealing with Medea even as she got malignant. Another would be the three ladies, they remained with Medea the entire time practically like back up. The coach remained the equivalent, as did Medeas children and the detachment.

Sports Medicine Essays - Psychology, Applied Psychology, Imagination

Sports Medicine Today in sports competitors persevere through numerous psychological and physical snags from that point serious condition. A considerable lot of the present best competitors work with sports analysts to assist them with taking care of the weights found in this serious climate. One inquiry that competitors pose is, the reason cant they play in defining moments just as they foresee themselves doing? Sports therapists feel that investing all their energy in body molding and athletic abilities won't guarantee that competitors arrive at their pinnacle execution. Through different investigations, therapists infer that the mind viewpoint must additionally be fit as a fiddle to boost the exhibition potential in sports just as instruction or maintaining a business partnership. Analysts presume that by adjusting athletic aptitudes, and making genuine developments more programmed, it will introduce a feeling of tranquility as competitors get ready for the weight of rivalry. They call this method guided symbolism. They utilize this method for the psychological part of central aptitudes. Clinicians suggest that competitors intellectually practice their occasions on the night before rivalry. With regards to sports, the triumphant edge all through the universe of sports may have less to do with quality and ability, and more to do with, what sports analysts call it, mental sturdiness. Sports analysts James Loehr, calls mental sturdiness, the capacity to deal with and even appreciate the mental weight of a serious circumstance. (Harry Hurt, 1996, p.12) Many of the present best competitors look for help from sports clinicians, in request to assist them with their general game. Negative musings and mental weight from serious minutes; make numerous interruptions for competitors who don't center mental pictures in their brains. A distinctive picture, is one that permits people to consider worry to be negative contemplations as a test, instead of a danger. Analysts help competitors in adapting to numerous snags that may happen, with the goal that when they get in a compelled predicament, they can respond rapidly to the circumstance. Before the 1992 Olympics sports clinicians James Loehr, invested a lot of energy intellectually setting up Jansen's brain to set significant standards, so he wouldn't rehash disappointment, as he encountered, in the last two Olympics. (Harry Hurt 1996, p.12) Mental weight majorly affects competitors' presentation also, singular capacity, instead of the physical state. Clinician attempts to set exclusive expectations for competitors to keep up balance and order. Competitors must make penances, in witch they need to follow steps all together to finish these assignments: first, unwind, and let your psyche supplant all the negative considerations with positive ones. Besides, gain from botches and make modifications. To accomplish extreme physical execution it is fundamental for one's brain and body work couple. The brain is a message community that permits the body to achieve anything it desires. Mentors and clinicians accept your brain decides, how quick, you can accomplish your objectives. Therapists feel as if, with out fearlessness in yourself, nothing truly matters, in light of the fact that in your heart and brain, your have as of now ordered your self as a disappointment! In Today's field of work, sports analyst are attempting to utilize various procedures to improve competitors' presentation. After extensive innovative work, clinicians concocted the accompanying discoveries: first, competitors who see distressing circumstances as a danger, produce hormones and synthetic substances in their body that can impede physical and mental execution. (Harry Hurt, 1996 p.12) Second, competitors who meet as a challenge make a surge of adrenaline and sugar inside their body. As indicated by clinical sources this is known as a characteristic high, which is liable for competitors surpassing in their exhibition. Moreover, James Loehr accepted that, the discoveries referenced above are hard to perform, however players that create self-restraint to invest in do it right, prevail in the games world, just as life when all is said in done. Artists, on-screen characters, proficient business administrators, runners, and competitors are distinctive as far as their size, briskness, suspecting capacity, development and different attributes related to this gathering. To be fruitful James Loehr has a few procedures that are actualize into their every day movement that will make them effective. As per all his explore, everything comes down to is, having the option to do these things methods on consistent bases and one execution will be much better than the normal individual will. These methods will give the fixings, so as to permit their mind to unmistakably observe the assignment before them. The primary procedure utilized by numerous analysts is called, supplant the torment. Competitors in different games frequently get discouraged and disheartened in view of the various parts of their athletic aptitudes that they can't achieve, as a result of exhaustion or agony. To defeat these deterrents sports analysts have competitors imagine long haul

African-American Drinking Patterns More Deadly

African-American Drinking Patterns More Deadly August 03, 2019 Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In alcohol research circles, its known as the J-shaped curve. It demonstrates the relationship difference in mortality rates for non-drinkers, moderate drinkers, and heavy drinkers. In several studies over the years, moderate drinkers have shown a lower mortality risk than lifetime abstainers, while heavy drinkers show a higher mortality rate the both of the other two groups. If you chart the mortality rates of the groups along a scale from non-drinkers on the left, to moderate drinkers to heavy drinkers, the resulting chart would look much like the letter J. The Protective Health Effects of Alcohol What the chart is reported to show is the protective health effects of moderate alcohol consumption, particularly when the alcohol is red wine. This had led some researchers to speculate that it may be other ingredients in the red wineâ€"specifically resveratrolâ€"that holds the health benefits, rather than the alcohol itself. Regardless, here at the Verywell.com Alcoholism site, we have not reported on any studies that show any beneficial aspects of drinking alcohol. After all, its the alcoholism site, not the alcohol site. We wouldnt want to encourage anyone who currently is not drinking to take up the habit. No Protective Effect for Blacks Besides, there are some studies that dispute the findings of protective health effects of moderate alcohol consumption. One such study  found clearly that those beneficial effects do not extend to everyone, particularly African-American drinkers. University of Buffalo researchers, examining the drinking patterns and mortality rates of more than 2,000 African-Americans over a 20-year period, found that blacks experience no protective health effects from moderate alcohol consumption. No J-Shaped Curve for African-Americans One of the most discussed findings in alcohol epidemiology is the J-shaped curve, said Christopher T. Sempos, professor and director of graduate studies in the department of social and preventive medicine at the University of Buffalo. Essentially, what it tells us is that some kind of drinking is beneficial to health. In our study, however, this beneficial effect could not be found in African-Americans, even when using the same study where the beneficial effect had been found for whites, Sempos said. Binge Drinking Could Average as Moderate The Buffalo researchers believe that the pattern of drinking and preferences of the types of alcohol consumed that contribute to the lack of moderate drinking benefits for blacks. We believe that patterns of drinking - that is, the style of how alcohol is consumed - explain the differences between African-Americans and whites. For example, somebody can have an average moderate volume by drinking heavily once or twice a week. The researchers returned to results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey which collected data from 14,407 adults age 25 to 75 during the years from 1971 to 1975, with follow-up surveys conducted in four waves extending to 1992. Drinking Larger Amounts per Session The NHANES Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS) comprised 20 years of follow-up data. The Buffalo researchers examined the data from 2,054 African-Americans - 768 men and 1,286 women. This study clearly demonstrates an absence of a protective effect at lower volumes of consumption in a large sample of African-Americans followed over a long period of longitudinal follow-up, said Tom Greenfield, center director at the Alcohol Research Group. Given that the protective effect of the J-shaped mortality curve is seen in the same large NHANES/NHEFS study for white respondents, the absence of this effect in the African-Americans is striking. A study found that many African-Americans drank less often than whites, but often drank in large amounts when they did drink, compared to the white participants in the same study. The Culture Surrounding Types of Alcohol The researchers noted that all alcohol carries the same risks regardless of what type of alcohol it is because the content of ethanol is the same. But, they said, there are cultural differences in how some types of alcohol are consumed. For example, Sempos said, Grape wine is most often consumed moderately and regularly with meals. If consumed in irregular binges outside meals, however, the same amount of alcohol may be much more detrimental. In fact, such a drinking style has no beneficial health outcomes. We know that African-Americans have more binge drinking than whites or Hispanics. In addition, in some subgroups, such as those that are socioeconomically disadvantaged, special kinds of drinks like Malt Liquor that come in large serving sizes prevail. No Binge Drinking Decline Observed During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the United States experienced what the researchers called a drying trend during which frequent, heavy drinking declined among both white men and women. The same declining trend was not seen among blacks and Hispanics. Other studies have found that blacks and Hispanics suffer the consequences of larger containers and higher alcohol-content products that are marketed specifically to their ethnic groups, which has been linked to higher rates of cirrhosis among those groups, compared with whites. Focus on Drinking Patterns The Alcohol Research Group researchers suggest that prevention efforts focused on reducing the average consumption of alcohol focus instead on drinking patterns. For African-Americans in particular, said Greenfield, we need to develop evidence-based interventions, health messages and other prevention programs that will reinforce the acceptability of drinking in smaller amounts while emphasizing the health and social harms of drinking larger amounts.

Analysis of Greece and Germany Coursework - 1100 Words

Comparative Analysis of Greece and Germany economic status during the Euro crisis (Coursework Sample) Content: TitleNameÂÂClassProfessorInstitutionCity and StateDateComparative Analysis of Greece and Germany economic status during the Euro crisisThe European Union economy was hard hit by the great recession that started in 2008. This resulted in an economic decline of member states leading to a critic crisis management procedure (Vegh, 2014. p. 288). Little success was realized from the measures developed such that there was a common budgetary allocation and harmony of interests was achieved. There was no viable crisis management measure at the level of the European Union so member states formulated their own localized measures. The volatility of bond markets, economic efficiency of primary traders and investing parties led to the effectiveness of the developed measures. Greece and Ireland were one of the hardest hit countries in the recession while Germany was seen to withstand the unfortunate phenomenon.The case of GreeceStructural trouble in Greece economy was evide nt long before the crisis (Kentikelenis, Karanikolos, Reeves, et.al. 2014. P.748). Its case in the great recession is considered as the most severe of all European Union member states. This is evident in the close to 25% real GDP decline. During the recession period, Greece proved that the continued austerity packaging of large sizes could not be pushed through because of the political instability and social concerns and public debt that could not be paid back completely. The reason why Greece reported a severe case in crisis is because they entered into the great recession with high levels of public debts that amounted to 113% in 2008. This slowed down implementation of reform structures that were deemed necessary before the crisis.Greece government experienced great pressure on its budget with an annual deficit of over 5% between 2001 and 2005. In spite of the challenge, the government aimed at increasing economic growth. Greece faced a financial crisis, with a decline in inter-ba nk relations and confidence that ended credit liquidity and increased pressure because of lending to financial institutions (Popescu, 2012, 344). Numerous downgrading by credit rating agencies in early 2010, which caused political strife, tax evasion, inadequate service quality in the public sector and corruption. All these were some of the reasons that caused Greece to experience greater economic crisis during the recession period (Vegh, 201. P.302).Case of GermanyGermany survived the economic crisis of the European Union because they seemed better prepared compared to other member states. This was because of reunification in Germany, although it resulted in a period of weak economic growth. The financial and structural reforms legislative authority still pays dividends to date. Germany began a mission to grow and reduce deficit through structured labor reforms in the market. They embarked on this in the early 2000à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s and they experienced a reduction in income taxes and ex ecuted vital labor reforms to improve incentives and increase productivity in manufacturing industry (Boccia, 2014, para. 3).Germany reduced cost of pension in public programs, regulatory retirement age, terminated early retirement provisions and changed pension payment calculations. Germany also cut public sector payments and decreased subsidies in the industry. This reform gave Germany a significantly strong foundation it required to stand the economic collapse. This way, they were able to keep a good budget, which made them to be in a better position as compared to the countries that did not enact relevant reforms.Germany also survived the recession because it reduced unemployment through Kurzarbeit, which is a state subsidy that compensated part of lost remuneration for workers who were affected by reduced cyclical demand. This was in a bid to encourage employers to maintain trained personnel in order to recover production rapidly and consequently to recover demand. Germany also kept the workers during the recession period as opposed to laying them off (Boccia, 2014, para. 9). This ensured continued production in industries to respond to the growing demand when the economy improved. Germanyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s preparedness before the recession and the market reforms they implemented during the crisis period proved to be successful.The case of IrelandIreland is one of the European members stated that was first to fall victim of the great recession. Long before the crisis, Irelandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s economy proved to be vulnerable, yet in previous years it had been one of the best performing countries in the union. In 2006, before the recession in 2008, real estate prices had fallen, which caused a collapse in the construction sector. Ireland was in desperate need of social expenditure that resulted in a fall in its competitiveness. Their economic growth before the crisis was accredited direct foreign investment and production of exports. These factors of growth were vu lnerable and when the recession erupted, foreign capital reduced significantly. The entire economy was affected by the retreat of the banking system, which caused 1.7% annual GDP declination (Vegh, 2014, p. 229). Ireland lack of preparedness for the crisis and dependency on foreign investment and export for economic growth are some of the major reasons why they were severely affected by the European crisis.Comparative analysisThe Euro crisis affected the European Union member states in different degrees. Greeceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ economy was one of the significantly affected. Although Germany is a member of the European Union, they seemed to survive the crisis. The difference is because of the measures the country ha... Analysis of Greece and Germany Coursework - 1100 Words Comparative Analysis of Greece and Germany economic status during the Euro crisis (Coursework Sample) Content: TitleNameÂÂClassProfessorInstitutionCity and StateDateComparative Analysis of Greece and Germany economic status during the Euro crisisThe European Union economy was hard hit by the great recession that started in 2008. This resulted in an economic decline of member states leading to a critic crisis management procedure (Vegh, 2014. p. 288). Little success was realized from the measures developed such that there was a common budgetary allocation and harmony of interests was achieved. There was no viable crisis management measure at the level of the European Union so member states formulated their own localized measures. The volatility of bond markets, economic efficiency of primary traders and investing parties led to the effectiveness of the developed measures. Greece and Ireland were one of the hardest hit countries in the recession while Germany was seen to withstand the unfortunate phenomenon.The case of GreeceStructural trouble in Greece economy was evide nt long before the crisis (Kentikelenis, Karanikolos, Reeves, et.al. 2014. P.748). Its case in the great recession is considered as the most severe of all European Union member states. This is evident in the close to 25% real GDP decline. During the recession period, Greece proved that the continued austerity packaging of large sizes could not be pushed through because of the political instability and social concerns and public debt that could not be paid back completely. The reason why Greece reported a severe case in crisis is because they entered into the great recession with high levels of public debts that amounted to 113% in 2008. This slowed down implementation of reform structures that were deemed necessary before the crisis.Greece government experienced great pressure on its budget with an annual deficit of over 5% between 2001 and 2005. In spite of the challenge, the government aimed at increasing economic growth. Greece faced a financial crisis, with a decline in inter-ba nk relations and confidence that ended credit liquidity and increased pressure because of lending to financial institutions (Popescu, 2012, 344). Numerous downgrading by credit rating agencies in early 2010, which caused political strife, tax evasion, inadequate service quality in the public sector and corruption. All these were some of the reasons that caused Greece to experience greater economic crisis during the recession period (Vegh, 201. P.302).Case of GermanyGermany survived the economic crisis of the European Union because they seemed better prepared compared to other member states. This was because of reunification in Germany, although it resulted in a period of weak economic growth. The financial and structural reforms legislative authority still pays dividends to date. Germany began a mission to grow and reduce deficit through structured labor reforms in the market. They embarked on this in the early 2000à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s and they experienced a reduction in income taxes and ex ecuted vital labor reforms to improve incentives and increase productivity in manufacturing industry (Boccia, 2014, para. 3).Germany reduced cost of pension in public programs, regulatory retirement age, terminated early retirement provisions and changed pension payment calculations. Germany also cut public sector payments and decreased subsidies in the industry. This reform gave Germany a significantly strong foundation it required to stand the economic collapse. This way, they were able to keep a good budget, which made them to be in a better position as compared to the countries that did not enact relevant reforms.Germany also survived the recession because it reduced unemployment through Kurzarbeit, which is a state subsidy that compensated part of lost remuneration for workers who were affected by reduced cyclical demand. This was in a bid to encourage employers to maintain trained personnel in order to recover production rapidly and consequently to recover demand. Germany also kept the workers during the recession period as opposed to laying them off (Boccia, 2014, para. 9). This ensured continued production in industries to respond to the growing demand when the economy improved. Germanyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s preparedness before the recession and the market reforms they implemented during the crisis period proved to be successful.The case of IrelandIreland is one of the European members stated that was first to fall victim of the great recession. Long before the crisis, Irelandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s economy proved to be vulnerable, yet in previous years it had been one of the best performing countries in the union. In 2006, before the recession in 2008, real estate prices had fallen, which caused a collapse in the construction sector. Ireland was in desperate need of social expenditure that resulted in a fall in its competitiveness. Their economic growth before the crisis was accredited direct foreign investment and production of exports. These factors of growth were vu lnerable and when the recession erupted, foreign capital reduced significantly. The entire economy was affected by the retreat of the banking system, which caused 1.7% annual GDP declination (Vegh, 2014, p. 229). Ireland lack of preparedness for the crisis and dependency on foreign investment and export for economic growth are some of the major reasons why they were severely affected by the European crisis.Comparative analysisThe Euro crisis affected the European Union member states in different degrees. Greeceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ economy was one of the significantly affected. Although Germany is a member of the European Union, they seemed to survive the crisis. The difference is because of the measures the country ha...

Lambert Surname Meaning and Family History

The Lambert surname is a Low German form of the name Landberht or Old English Landbeorht, meaning bright land or light of the land, derived  from the Germanic elements land meaning land and berht, meaning bright or famous. The surname may also have derived as an occupational name for lamb-herd. Lambert is the 27th most common last name in France. Surname Origin: French, English, Dutch, German Alternate Surname Spellings: LAMBERTH, LAMBETH, LAMBUTH, LAMBER, LAMBERTE, LAMBURT, LAMBRETH, LUMBERT, LAMBRECHT, LAMBERTIS Famous People with the Surname LAMBERT Miranda Lambert  -  American singer and songwriterPaul Lambert  - Scottish football (soccer) playerAdam Lambert  - American singerAlbert Edward Lambert - British architectAylmer Bourke Lambert  - British botanistJohann Heinrich Lambert   - Swiss mathematician and physicistJoseph-Franà §ois Lambert  - French adventurer and diplomatPercy E. Lambert - race car driver; first person to drive a car 100 miles in an hourJordan Wheat Lambert - American chemist; helped to invent Listerine ®Rachel Lambert Bunny Mellon - American  horticulturalist,  gardener, and philanthropist; granddaughter of Jordan Wheat Lambert Where is the LAMBERTSurname Most Common? According to surname distribution from  Forebears, the Lambert surname is most prevalent in the United States, where it ranks as the 294th most common surname. There are greater numbers of Lamberts based on percentage of population, however, in countries with a sizable French-speaking population, including France (where the name ranks 20th), Monaco (23rd), Belgium (26th), Bermuda (31st), Luxembourg (34th), and Canada (134th). Surname maps from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  indicate the Lambert surname is especially common in northern France, especially in the regions of Champagne-Ardenne and Franche-Comte along the border with Belgium. It is also especially common in the Wallonie region of Belgium and in Quebec, Canada.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname LAMBERT French Surname Meanings and OriginsDoes your last name have origins in France? Learn about the various origins of French surnames and explore the meanings of some of the most common French last names. How to Research French AncestryLearn about the various types of genealogical records available for researching ancestors in France and how to access them, plus how to locate where in France your ancestors originated. The Lambert DNA ProjectThis project seeks to establish relationships among individuals with the Lambert surname—and variants such as Lambard, Lamberth, Lambeth, Lambreth, Lamburt, Lombard and Lumbert—on a worldwide basis, using Y-DNA testing in combination with traditional genealogy research. Lambert Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Lambert family crest or coat of arms for the Lambert surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. LAMBERT  Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Lambert  surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Lambert query. FamilySearch - LAMBERT GenealogyExplore over 2.5 million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Lambert surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. DistantCousin.com - LAMBERT Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Lambert. GeneaNet - Lambert  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Lambert surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Lambert Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Lambert surname from the website of Genealogy Today. ----------------------- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Homeschool Curriculum Guide - Phonics Programs

Research Design And Methodology Of The Social Sciences

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While a qualitative study concluded with tentative answers, these answers formed the basis of future quantitative studies (Leedy, 1993). In this study there was a blending of both approaches with a greater leaning towards the qualitative method. Qualitative research is an umbrella term that covers a variety of styles of social research. What actually separates qualitative research and gives it its distinctive identity is the fact that it has its own approach to the collection and analysis of data that marks it as quite different from its quantitative counterpart. According to Denscombe (2003), qualitative research is aShow MoreRelatedA Methodology For Conducting Design Science1283 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose was? The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for conducting design science (DS) research in information systems (IS). The purpose is clearly stated in the abstract session of the paper and in defining objective solutions. 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Diabetes Mellitus A Serious Chronic Metabolic Disorder...

Diabetes Mellitus MED 2056 Michela Leytham 12/7/2014 FT029 Jessica Ferreira Diabetes Mellitus is a serious chronic metabolic disorder associated with high blood sugar that affects the body’s ability to metabolize nutrients and use them as fuel. Normally the body uses carbohydrates and sugars that are eaten and breaks them down into a usable sugar in the body called glucose. Glucose has the ability to fuel the body and supply it with the energy it needs for daily activities. In order for the body to break down the carbohydrates and sugars into the usable glucose the body needs a vital hormone called insulin which allows glucose to enter the cells and leave the blood stream. With diabetes mellitus the body either doesn’t make enough insulin or it has difficulty using the insulin that it does produce. In the absence of insulin the body has a buildup of glucose in the bloodstream. 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With Reference to six poems, explain how attitudes to war changed over the course of World War One Free Essays

World War One, or as most historians refer to it â€Å"The Great War,† was supposed to be the war to end all wars. From 1914 to 1918, young men were encouraged to sign up to fight for the British army against the might of the Germans. Because conscription wasn’t introduced until 1916, recruitment songs, posters and poetry were needed to encourage men to sign up. We will write a custom essay sample on With Reference to six poems, explain how attitudes to war changed over the course of World War One or any similar topic only for you Order Now These songs and poems were specially written using a wide variety of rhetorical devices so as to display the potential advantages that joining the army could bring. Most recruitment poems have subtle similarities as they are all written for the same purpose: to persuade. The main way they do this is through the use of rhetorical devices. In the poem ‘Who’s for the game? ‘ the first three verses have rhetorical questions featuring heavily. For example, â€Å"Who’ll grip and tackle the job unafraid† and â€Å"Who’ll give his country a hand? † This also occurs in â€Å"Fall In† with the line, â€Å"Will you send a strangled cheer to the sky / and grin till your cheeks are red? † These words are examples of rhetorical devices. They make you question yourself after you have read it about whether or not you enlist. The titles of the two poems also set the tone of the different poems and make the reader aware of what they are about to read. Making sure that the title displays this is important, because you then know what some of what is about to happen before you have even started the first word. â€Å"Who’s for the game† shows war as a fun, exciting prospect that men, if they signed up, would enjoy. Whereas â€Å"Fall In,† the other recruitment poem, has a military connotation. Fall in† is a marching term that is used a lot in the army, so before you have read a word of the actual poem, you know that the rest of the poem is going to have a military background, perhaps talking about how war is like from the military’s point of view The structure of the poems are very similar, as they both have the same rhyming pattern with alternate lines rhyming – â€Å"played† and â€Å"unafraid† as well as â€Å"fright† and â€Å"tight† This makes the poems catchy and therefore easier to remember. This will then cause the poem to stick in people’s heads, continuously persuading them to join the army. In the poem â€Å"Fall In,† the author relates personally to you with the lines â€Å"Is it football still and the picture show / the pub and the betting odds† These are all things that the people who the poems were read by would have done in their everyday life. This is mirrored in â€Å"Who’s for the game? † where they mention â€Å"the red crashing game of a fight† this compares war to a game like football to make it more appealing to the readers of the poem. This targets the audience through their word choice. â€Å"Crashing†, is a positive adjective which makes the reader more accepting of war. This also makes the poem sound more appealing and attractive to the reader. Also in â€Å"Who’s for the game? † they relate to you by appealing to men’s sense of bravery and chivalry in the lines â€Å"Your country is up to her neck in a fight / and she’s looking and calling for you† There are a number of appealing factors about that line, the first being the pronoun – â€Å"Your†; this makes it sound as if you own the country and it would be a shame to let it go. Then they refer to the country as a female in the words, â€Å"her neck† This makes them think that they are strong and brave and also personifies war as a beautiful woman that they need to go and rescue. This emphasises the point even further by saying that she’s â€Å"looking and calling for you. † The writer has made it sound like they’re talking about every single male that hasn’t signed up yet. In the next section I will look at a different viewpoint of the same experience of war, from soldier poets. These poets fought in the trenches and wrote poems about what their experiences were like. The author of â€Å"Peace,† Rupert Brooke, was a neo-classical poet whose poems glorified war and made it sound like a glorious adventure, however he never experienced combat at first hand. He became famous because of his good looks. An Irish poet was quoted to have described him as â€Å"the handsomest young man in England! † Arthur Graeme West, however, isn’t as famous as him. This is probably because he was known to write poems attacking young soldier-poets who were writing poems idealising war – like Rupert Brooke. His own personal gruesome experience was probably his motivation to write such a scathing poem about the young poets. In â€Å"Peace,† the main aim of the poem is to explain to people about how great the war is and how much of an adventure it would be when you sign up to join the army. Brooke has used the sonnet structure to his advantage. In the first eight lines, the octave, he is explaining about how war could liven up their lives in the line, â€Å"†¦ nd wakened us from sleeping,† and then in the last six lines, the sestet, he brings the poem to a close reassuring the reader about death, â€Å"Naught broken save this body, lost but breath;† This talks about how when you die your body is the only thing that is broken, and nothing is lost apart from breath, It hints at the fact that the soul of a person will live on after death. This makes the reader more accepting of death, because it says that after death you will live on. However, in â€Å"God! How I hate you,† West has also used the end of the poem to hammer home his point. In the first five lines he talks about why he is writing the poem. The title itself is from when he is addressing the poets who are glorifying war. The title continues into â€Å"†¦ you young cheerful men,† the men being the poets. In the last part he goes into a much more detailed version of war with strong adjectives like â€Å"warm grey brain,† and powerful similes like, â€Å"smashed like an eggshell† This is a good example as it likens a man’s head to an eggshell which is very easy to smash. The choice of simile here suggests that human life is fragile Imagery plays a huge part in both poems. â€Å"Peace† is showing war in a positive way like in the line â€Å"†¦ we have found release there,† this meaning that war has cleansed them from the boring Edwardian society that they lived in before the war. â€Å"God! How I Hate You,† in contrast shows war in the opposite way, with the gruesome wording in the latter section. â€Å"Spattered all bloody,† is one of the strongest phrases in the poem and it is made all the more poignant with the last two lines. These lines are almost mocking the young-soldier poets, saying that even though that the war is so ghastly, â€Å"†¦ still God’s in His Heaven† and all is right in the world. There are also hints at sarcasm, which is meant to make the soldier poets embarrassed about what they’ve written. The last poems I am going to look at are â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† and â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth. † â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† is a war poem written by Wilfred Owen in collaboration with Siegfriend Sassoon. Wilfred Owen was seen as one of the most important war-poets in World War One. He wrote poetry in the trenches and kept a diary. He experienced shell shock after a shell burst near him in 1917 and was sent to a military hospital in Scotland called Craiglockhart where he met Siegfried Sassoon. Whilst there, his poetry changed and became more explicit and more didactic in content. The poem is very negative about war. They mention a lot of the effects that war can bring on you like, â€Å"Drunk with fatigue,† which meant that the war was so tiring they were acting as if they were drunk from the effects. Also, â€Å"Deaf even to the hoots,† means that they were concentrating so hard on the war that they couldn’t hear anything at all. The reason for all this negativity is that it was written in 1917, three years after war had broken out so they had had time to see how bad the war is and to construct a poem saying how startlingly horrific it is. Owen does very well at portraying a gas attack, the main event in the poem. The first of these very emotive stanzas is â€Å"vile, incurable sores. † The first word, â€Å"vile† immediately makes your repulsed and moved about the use of this foul language. Another one is â€Å"gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs. † I think this is the worst and most dreadful of the three stanzas because corrupted makes you think of how ruined and destroyed this young soldiers lungs must be after inhaling the gas. The last one is â€Å"watch the white eyes writing in his face. † The strongest word in this stanza is definitely writihing. These poetic techniques are really vivid because they make you really disgusted at what has happened to these poor soldiers during the war. All these really horrible descriptions of war really hit home the ideas about the ‘bogus’ patriots, like Jessie Pope, whom the poem is addressed to. The reason for addressing the poem to her is that she stayed at home yet encouraged men to join the army and to go and fight in the war. As well as her it is also addressed to all the soldier poets like Rupert Brooke who glamorised war. This gave the poem more fame than others because most people saw the reception from the other well-known poets that it was aimed at. As well as using a lot of descriptions to describe war he uses continuous verbs like â€Å"†¦ uttering, choking, drowning. † This gives you the sense of the war never ending with no hope of going out as after you’ve read one word you’re immediately pounded on with another one. This gives the poem more depth than the actual words written on the page. Also a lot of similes in the first paragraph including, â€Å"Bent double, like old beg gars under sacks,† as well as â€Å"coughing like hags. † These also give you the idea that war is a really terrible place to be because things like hags and beggars aren’t very nice things to be likened to. The soldiers have also not become human because of the war – they have aged and become dehumanised. I think that putting the title at the end of the poem rounds off the whole poem because you don’t really read those last lines but it gives you time to digest the poem and focus on what you have actually read. In this poem, there is also use of sarcasm and an accusatory tone because of the people that the poet was directing it to – Jessie Pope and other poets just like her. â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth,† was written by Wilfred Owen in collaboration with Siegfried Sassoon when they met in Craiglockhart, a military hospital in 1917. They wrote it together relying on each other to adjust bits slightly using both poets’ skills. The war was reaching its conclusion and poems were becoming more detailed as four years of war had given them lots to write about. Gruesome injuries, horrific detail and the soldier’s own personal accounts affected how poets displayed their words to the reader. The grisly nature of the poem is displayed immediately in the first stanza with the description, â€Å"What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? † This likens deaths of soldiers to that of cattle. If someone dies like cattle it is not going to be a glorious death. The quote also states about how, after a soldier’s death, no one will sound church bells in memoriam of them in the line, â€Å"What passing-bells†¦ † This makes the deaths sound unimportant and that nobody cares if a soldier dies. Instead of bells, the only sounds they were likely to get were â€Å"the monstrous anger of the guns†¦ † and, â€Å"the stuttering rifles rapid rattle. † This likens the typical funeral noises to that of war. There is also a use of alliteration with â€Å"rifles’ rapid rattle† It shows how brutal and quick the rifles could fire. They use personification in the â€Å"choirs of wailing shells. † Instead of a choir of church boys singing the soldiers had the â€Å"wail† of an exploding shell. This creates a shocked and surprised mood to the comparison of shells to choir boys. With the line, â€Å"What candles may be held to speed them all? † It questions whether or not anyone cares about the amount of death that is happening. It says that boys won’t care because they are the ones that possibly could go to war in the future. Girls will be the only ones feeling sorry for them and â€Å"girl’s brows shall be their pall. â€Å"Palls† are the cloth used to cover coffins so it means that the girls will be the most caring people. Also at the end of the poem, to round the end off, they use a metaphor about death. â€Å"And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds† This likens death to the drawing-down of blinds, or in the soldier’s context, their eyes closing. This makes the reader feel more accepting of death, it being likened to just drawing down of blinds – something that some people do every evening, and there is a sense of finality over this sombre and grave ending. In conclusion, my favourite poem was â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth,† because it had a very musical background, â€Å"no prayers nor bells† and â€Å"†¦ save the choirs. † The poem is a great poem, I think because two poets wrote it together. With two poets working on one poem, they can annotate each other’s work and make additions to it and change some parts to suit both there own. With all the references to music there is a lot to focus on, however if you can get your head around the poem it is a very emotive and meaningful poem. How to cite With Reference to six poems, explain how attitudes to war changed over the course of World War One, Essays

The Effective Entrepreneurship Helps in Achieving Success

Question: Compare and contrast different types of entrepreneurial ventures? Answer: Introduction The effective entrepreneurship helps in achieving success for the new featured business entities. The entrepreneurs are the ones who formulate the efficient business plans with the help of integrated resources. Guivarch Hallegatte (2013) described that the entrepreneurs lead the company towards either success or failure. This study will evaluate the success entrepreneurs like Mark Zuckerberg, who is known as the co-founder of Facebook and Howard Schultz, the CEO of Starbucks. The description of their business planning will be explored in a structured manner. Main Ideas: The main ideas of Mark Zuckerberg while establishing the features in Facebook, the focus, is to establish the relationship between the people through the direct connection in social networking sites (Bygrave Zacharakis, 2011). In the implementation of the online ratings and the online comments, profiles for uploading pictures, sharing updates will be considering the perspectives of the people from different locations, countries, communities, etc. On the other hand, Howard Schulz is the CEO of Starbucks Coffee, and the concentration of the company is to provide good quality coffee along with such feasible meals for the customers who are visiting the stores. The employees are trained in a skilled manner, and they will be much skilled for treating the customers with better hospitalities (Mutara, 2012). One of the most relevant ideas that Howard Schulz has presented is to give rise to the global brand of Coffee. Evidences To make the features of Facebook more attractive to the users, Mark Zuckerberg has introduced the safety app for securing the login in Facebook. The users feel safer and secure about the password they have set for their profiles. The innovation of the Facebook Messenger has reached 600 million users these days, and the number is still increasing (Schneider, 2013). The new featured applications are providing the securities to the uploaded pictures, updates sharing and other personal stuff. In the year of 2006, Mark Zuckerberg introduced the features, and this innovation is highlighting the mini-blogging, different notes. This allows the users from different other social networking sites as well. In 2007, Mark Zuckerberg introduced the features of tagging and posting the attachments. In case of the Starbucks Coffee, Howard Schulz has implemented a new system in the costing structure. The company offers $1-per-cup for basic brew and even several other interesting coffee beverages. The new espresso coffee, iced coffee, cappuccino, etc. have gathered the interest of the customers in these days. Howard Schulz is even concentring upon the comfortable ambiances by keeping the places enlightened, clean and spacious. The most changes found in maintaining the business and the transparent relationship building with the employees (Roy, 2011). The efficient training session provided to the employees and the proper relationship maintaining is working as the driven forces for assuring productivity as well as the profitability for the company. Analysis With the implementations of such features, Mark Zuckerberg has earned the profitability in a quite prominent manner. The implementations of such innovations into the Facebook features have gained the support of 1.26 billion users. Facebook derives almost 3.2 billion likes per days from these registered users. The iOS app is applied in the case of using the Facebook from IPhones. It has increased the economic profitability since the users can easily access Facebook from their mobile phones. It has been seen that in the year of 1994, the store of Starbucks reached the amount of 425 stores (Oncioiu, 2012). The amount increased to 2,200 in the year of 1998. After two years, the company earned the profitability of $2 billion. Howard Schulz could easily achieve the turnover rates, which derived the relevant resources used for the training costs and costs of the other adaptations. Link The sources for deriving ideas about such technicalities, which are needed to be implemented for presenting the business establishments, are significant enough for concerning the relevant ideas about the entrepreneurship. Mark Zuckerberg has derived the ideas about the implementations of the relevant apps and technicalities for connecting people worldwide while Howard Schulz is concentring upon the CSR rules for maintaining the business sustainability. The proper evaluation of such linking derived from the study will be enhancing the relevant integration process while starting up a new business. The amendments of the technicalities are ensuring the successful entrepreneurship. Conclusion The entire study is evaluating the necessity of the structured plan and the amendments while starting up the new entrepreneurship. The information derived from the business structure and ideas of top entrepreneurs like Mark Zuckerberg and Howard Schulz have been much identified and significant for establishing the business entity and leading towards the success. References Books Bygrave, W. Zacharakis, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Roy, R. (2011). Entrepreneurship. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Journals Guivarch, C. Hallegatte, S. (2013). 2C or not 2C?.Global Environmental Change, 23(1), pp.179-192. Mutara, L. (2012). An entrepreneur first and foremost.Br Dent J, 212(6), pp.259-259. Oncioiu, I. (2012). An Outline of the Concept of Entrepreneur: Tradition and Modernity.Research in Applied Economics, 4(3). Schneider, M. (2013). Developing Your Inner Entrepreneur.Organization Management Journal, 10(2), pp.151-151.

The Cure free essay sample

On May 15, I went to see The Cure at the Nassau Coliseum; a concert any Cure fan should not miss. The tour is in response to their recent release, Wish. Although there was no opening band, the two-hour show did not disappoint. The program began with a flood of smoke and their new song, Open, soon followed by other songs from Wish including, High, Friday Im in Love, and Apart. To satisfy long-time fans of The Cure, The Walk, and Lets Go to Bed were featured. The light show was equally impressive, with streams of pink, purple, green, and blue lights engulfing The Cure as well as the audience. Throughout each song, colorful designs were projected onto a large background screen. The most fitting was during the song Lullaby, several black spider webs swirled in back of the lead singer, Robert Smiths head. The Cure finished their set, and left the crowd begging for more. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In response to cheering, clapping, stomping, and a sea of flames from lighters, The Cure returned for two encores, including Charlotte Sometimes, The Walk, and Boys Dont Cry. The show came to an unwanted, yet exciting close with a rendition of A Forest. The Cure is scheduled to play several dates over the summer. If they play near you, try to get tickets. The money spent will be well worth it. n

Steinbecks The Pearl Essays - The Pearl, John Steinbeck, Midas

Steinbeck's The Pearl The Pearl MATERIAL SOCIETY, MATERIAL THOUGHTS Ever since Midas' lust for gold, it appears to be that man has acquired a greed and appetite for wealth. Juana, the Priest, and the doctor have all undergone a change due to money. They are all affected by their hunger for wealth and inturn are the base for their own destruction, and the destruction of society. Steinbeck's The Pearl is a study of man's self destruction through greed. Juana, the faithful wife of Kino, a paltry peasant man, had lived a spiritual life for what had seemed like as long as she could remember. When her son Coyito fell ill from the bite of a scorpion, she eagerly turned towards the spiritual aspects of life. Beginning to pray for her son's endangered life. The doctor who had resided in the upper-class section of the town, refused to assistant the child, turning them away when they arrived at the door. Lastly they turned to the sea to seek their fortune. When Juana set sight on the Pearl of The World. she felt as though all her prayers had been answered, if she could have foreseen the future what she would have seen would have been a mirror image of her reality. Juana's husband was caught in a twisted realm of mirrors, and they were all shattering one by one. In the night he heard a sound so soft that it might have been simply a thought... and quickly attacked the trespasser. This is where the problems for Juana and her family began. The fear that had mounted in Kino's body had taken control over his actions. Soon even Juana who had always had faith in her husband, had doubted him greatly. It will destroy us all she yelled as her attempt to rid the family of the pearl had failed. Kino had not listened however, and soon Juana began to lose her spiritual side and for a long time she had forgotten her prayers that had at once meant so much to her. She had tried to help Kino before to much trouble had aroused, only to discover that she was not competent enough to help. A hypocrathic oath is said before each medical student is granted a Doctors degree. In the oath they swear to aid the ill, and cure the injured. In the village of La Paz there lived a doctor who had earned his wealth by helping those that were ill and could afford his services. Not once in his long career would he have dared refuse to aid a wealthy lawyer or noblemen. However when Kino and the group of money hungry peasants arrived at his door with a poisoned child he had refused them entry saying Have I nothing better to do than cure insect bites for `little Indians'? I am a doctor, not a veterinary. for the doctor had known that the peasants hadn't any money. He had been to Paris and had enjoyed the splendors of the world, and therefore he wouldn't be seen dealing with the less fortunate as he knew that the less fortunate would surely always be just that-less fortunate. However it seemed that he had been stereotypical of the less fortunate, as he soon discovered when hearing of a g reat pearl discovered by the peasants who had knocked upon his door earlier that day. A hunger for wealth was what pushed him to visit the peasants house and aid their destitute son. However he had already ended Coyito's life without knowing he'd done so, for if he had administered aid to Coyito when they were first at the doctors door, Kino would have no reason to seek his fortune in the ocean, and would not be led down the road to hardships. One might think that a doctor, one who has the image of being passive, and caring should not stoop to such a level. When one is down on their luck, chances are they will turn to superstition in hope to acquire what it is that they would want to achieve. A good example of this would be a good luck charm such as a rabbit's foot. In La Paz the peasants

Cuánto se demora sacar la visa americana no inmigrante

Cunto se demora sacar la visa americana no inmigrante Los trmites para la visa americana no inmigrante se pueden demorar varias semanas, dependiendo del consulado o embajada en el que se solicita. Pero es posible estimar cuntos dà ­as pasan desde el dà ­a en que se inician los trmites al de la entrevista. A partir de la entrevista, la respuesta es rpida o incluso inmediata, tanto la aprobacià ³n como la denegacià ³n. La excepcià ³n son los casos en los que la solicitud entra en una fase de demora administrativa. En este artà ­culo se explican cà ³mo verificar el tiempo de demora segà ºn el tipo de visa y consulado, quà © puede suceder despuà ©s de la entrevista, cul es el formulario adicional conocido como DS-5535 que puede pedir el oficial consular  y por quà © es recomendable solicitar la visa con tiempo suficiente antes de la fecha planeada para viajar a Estados Unidos y por quà © no se deben comprar los boletos antes de tener la visa aprobada en mano. En el caso de estar interesados en la visa de inmigrante para la tarjeta de residencia permanente este artà ­culo no aplica. En otras palabras, la informacià ³n que se detalla a continuacià ³n aplica solamente a las visas no inmigrante como, por ejemplo, la de turista, estudiante, trabajo temporal, inversià ³n, intercambio, etc. Cà ³mo verificar eltiempo de demora de los trmites para la visa Desde que una persona solicita una cita para la visa hasta que obtiene el visado transcurren varios dà ­as, o incluso meses. Todo depende de la Embajada o Consulado en el que se haga la gestià ³n, del tipo de visa y tambià ©n de las caracterà ­sticas personales del solicitante. Para saber con bastante exactitud cunto hay que esperar desde que se hacen la citas para las visas hasta que se realizan las entrevistas en la oficina consular se puede consultar la herramienta que el Departamento de Estado ha creado para este fin. Simplemente se debe buscar en la cajita que aparece en esa pgina de internet el nombre de la ciudad en la que est ubicada la oficina consular a la que corresponde decidir si concede o rechaza la solicitud de visa. Una vez elegida la ciudad, aparecer una estimacià ³n en dà ­as sobre el tiempo que hay que esperar hasta que se realiza la entrevista. Aparecern varias estimaciones, dependiendo del tipo de visa que se solicita. Ejemplos de tiempos de demora segà ºn los consulados Por ejemplo en el momento en que se escribià ³ este artà ­culo,  si una persona en Bogot, Colombia, solicita una visa de turista, deber esperar 22 dà ­as naturales (segà ºn la fecha en la que este artà ­culo fue escrito. Verificar el actual) para ser entrevistado en la Embajada americana y otros dos dà ­as laborales para que se procese su peticià ³n, si es aprobada. Pero si solicita una visa de estudiante, la espera para la entrevista se reduce a siete dà ­as naturales, precisando dos dà ­as laborales para procesar la visa aprobada. Sin embargo, en Buenos Aires la peticià ³n de entrevista para una visa de turista es de 29 dà ­as naturales y el procesamiento de las aprobadas es de cinco dà ­as laborales. Dà ­as naturales y laborales en la tramitacià ³n de las visas Es conveniente prestar atencià ³n a la distincià ³n entre dà ­as naturales (calendar days) y dà ­as laborales (workdays). Cuando se habla de los primeros, se cuentan todos los dà ­as, incluidos los sbados, domingos y feriados. Por el contrario, si se refiere a dà ­as laborales se computa sà ³lo de lunes a viernes, excluyendo los feriados de Estados Unidos y los del paà ­s en los que se encuentra la oficina consular. Quà © pasa despuà ©s de la entrevista en el consulado Pueden darse 4  situaciones: En primer lugar, la visa es aprobada. Aunque cada consulado tiene un trmite distinto para entregar a su dueà ±o el pasaporte con la visa estampada en general puede hablarse que toma menos de siete dà ­as.  Estas son las  posibilidades se tiene de que aprueben la visa de turista  segà ºn el consulado en que se solicita. En segundo lugar, la visa entra en trmite administrativo.  Es decir, no es aprobada ni rechazada. Es lo que se conoce como procedimiento administrativo 221g. La razà ³n es que se requiere realizar ms investigacià ³n antes de llegar a una conclusià ³n final. Esta es una razà ³n muy importante para no dejar la solicitud de la visa para à ºltima hora, ya que puede surgir este problema. En tercer lugar, que el oficial consular pida que se llene un nuevo formulario, que se detalla en el siguiente apartado y que incluye informacià ³n sobre redes sociales. En cuarto lugar, la solicitud de visa es rechazada. Las causas pueden ser muy variadas. Estas son las 20 ms comunes. por causa de inelegibilidad. Adems, hay que tener en cuenta estas 22 causas que convierten a una persona en inadmisible para Estados Unidos y que por lo tanto hacen que la visa no se apruebe, no se renueve e incluso que teniendo visa vigente se niegue la entrada cuando se llega al control migratorio en la aduana americana. En los casos de negacià ³n de la visa, es importante saber cundo se  puede volver a solicitarla  y quà © debe cambiar para tener à ©xito en la nueva peticià ³n. Formulario solicitando informacià ³n sobre redes sociales El oficial consular est autorizada a pedir que se llene un nuevo formulario en el que se solicita, entre otras, la siguiente informacià ³n: Lugares de trabajo y residencia durante los à ºltimos 15 aà ±osPaà ­ses que se han visitado en los à ºltimos 15 aà ±osTodos los nà ºmeros de los pasaportes que se hayan utilizado previamente al actualTodas las cuentas de correo electrà ³nico que se han tenido en los à ºltimos 15 aà ±osTodas las cuentas que se han tenido en redes sociales como Facebook, Instagram o Twitter en los à ºltimos 5 aà ±os. En principio est previsto que los oficiales consulares soliciten que se rellene el formulario DS-5535 solo en los casos en los que la identidad del solicitante pueda confundirse con la de otra persona o en supuestos que afectan a la seguridad de los Estados Unidos, incluidos los casos de pertenencia a pandillas. Este formulario es relativamente nuevo y, por lo tanto, se desconoce cunto tiempo demorar en ser tramitada  y verificada la informacià ³n que contiene, por lo que no se puede estimar el tiempo de demora para sacar la visa en los casos en los que el oficial consular pida este documento. El solicitante de la visa puede negarse a dar la informacià ³n, pero la visa no ser aprobada. En la actualidad, el gobierno de Estados Unidos est intentando implementar como obligatorio la comunicacià ³n de todos los nombres usados redes sociales, correos electrà ³nicos y telà ©fonos por parte de todos los solicitantes de visas, tanto inmigrantes como no inmigrantes. De tener à ©xito, afectarà ­a a 700 mil potenciales inmigrantes y 14 millones de visitantes temporales anualmente. Sin embargo, un nutrido grupo de organizaciones de defensa de las libertades civiles e individuales se est oponiendo a esta medida. Situaciones de urgencia y quià ©n puede viajar a USA sin visa Si se presentase la necesidad de obtener una visa urgentemente es posible solicitar una  visa humanitaria  en casos muy limitados. Chilenos y espaà ±oles  pueden viajar a Estados Unidos sin visa para hacer turismo o para negocios. Si llegan por avià ³n, necesitan una  Autorizacià ³n Electrà ³nica conocida como ESTA. Este es el  listado completo de paà ­ses cuyos ciudadanos pueden viajar sin visa. En el caso de personas de doble nacionalidad, es importante saber cunto se puede ingresar sin visa a los Estados Unidos. En la actualidad, las personas que pueden viajar sin visa y rellenan el formulario ESTA se encuentran con una pregunta opcional en la que se solicita sus nombres en redes sociales. Test de respuestas mà ºltiples Se recomienda tomar  este test de 19 preguntas que sirve para comprobar los conocimientos bsicos sobre la visa de turista. Para evitar errores tontos que pueden dar lugar a su cancelacià ³n o a que no se apruebe. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

The Rise of Imperial Rome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Rise of Imperial Rome - Essay Example Afterwards, more provinces became romanized and integrated they themselves played an increasing role in the empire governing. The people in the new provinces gradually started getting roman citizenship and later the provinces came to form significant minorities in the Rome senate (Jill, 286). However, the citizenships extended always tend to exclude women and slaves. The same time the provinces were be included in the senate, the economic centre of the empire began to move towards the provinces within the Roman Empire from Italy. Trade started expanding and extending to other markets such as Italy and beyond. The trading that went on within the provinces of trading everyday items between those in the empire created a sense of communion. However, a clear defined line between the east and west was still laid down. In the east Greek was spoken as an official language while in the west Latin was the official language at this time. However, through the years Latin remained to be a marker of Romanness. The trading opportunities for Rome Empire were diverse and plentiful. Roman glassware and pottery were traded east. Gold and silver coins were the main form of payment, draining 100 million sesterces every year from the empire. Among the trade that took place in Rome was also slave trade (history.com/topics/ancient-rome). During Augustus reign as many as 35 percent of Italian people were slaves. Therefore Rome was marked as one of the five slave societies in history. Slaves in Rome Empire constituted at least a fifth of the people in the population and played a major role in the economy. History of the rise of imperial Rome Initially, Rome was governed as a republic before it becoming an empire. It had three major elements; the central government, military and provincial government. In the 3rd century BC, Rome had begun taking over provinces. During this time, Sulla and Caesar governed Rome and they had both achieved the rank of absolute ruler, however, their reign was short lived, owing to the crisis that the empire underwent in the 3rd century, which threatened its existence. Fortunately, the situation was stabilized and reunited. This was four centuries before it became the greatest empire. Furthermore, the provinces were administered by former praetors and consuls. The consuls and praetors were elected to one year term and held right of command. Consequently, Rome transitioned from republic to imperial autocracy due to the amassing of misappropriates military power and wealth by some men through their provincial commands and this was a lead factor for the transition. After the transition from a republic to an empire the first empire was Augustus. The first empire Augustus obtained his role as a supreme ruler after defeating Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC, at the battle of Actium. The emperor was the overall authority in decision and policy making and his practical source of power and authority was the military. Augustus rejected titles associa ted with monarchy and otherwise referred to him as princeps which meant the leading citizen. Moreover, in his era, Augustus order to the chaos that almost took 20 years of civil war was finally brought to an end (Duncan, 24). Areas that had been added to the Roman republic needed to be reconstructed as provinces to the empire, therefore Augustus reorganised the provinces such as Asia Minor and Syria, and then held the Parthian empire in check using cunning diplomacy. During the reign

(Choose one question) which you are interesting and I get good marks Essay

(Choose one question) which you are interesting and I get good marks. 1.How might the type of good exported affect the growth - Essay Example A country may be in a better position to export a certain product or services for various reasons. A country can export products and services if it is the single supplier of a certain product, particularly when it has access to natural resources that other are not endowed with. Some countries are also in a better position to make a certain product at a fairly lower cost than other countries .The reason is that a country may have the absolute advantage in producing a certain product over others. Absolute advantage in international trade implies that a country can produce a product at a cheaper price than others. The concept of balance of trade results from the import export business. Balance of trade is the difference between the quantity of exports and the quantity of imports. When exports exceed imports, trade surplus results while a trade deficit results when the quantity of imports exceeds that of exports. There exist two types of final products for export. Traditional products, w hich are produced using labour intensive skills, and high-tech products which are made using differentiated intermediate goods (Andersen & Babula, 2008, p. 10). When a country engages in international trade, it registers economic growth especially when its products are in high demand. Factors determining export led growth include demand, competitiveness and the rate of exchange. Growth is initiated by an increase in demand for exports. If the spread effects are potent as the export sector grows so the domestic sectors will too. Spread effects refer to prosperity flowing from exporting products and services in international trade. The competitiveness of a country’s product increases the demand for exports. This implies that the demand for what a country sells increases. Depreciation in the rate of exchange makes exports more competitive, thereby increasing demand. Depreciation of the exchange depends on the elasticity of demand for exports (Felipe, 2010, p. 260). The depreciat ion of a country’s currency in international trade depends with the changes in demand of a country’s exports. Opening up trade can improve the allocation of resources, eventually changing the production function upwards and increasing the per capita income level. Production function relates the output of a country to the amount of inputs. Input in this case refers to capital and labor as factors of production. Production function also refers to the relationship in which output increases as more units of input are employed in production. There is a relationship between international competitiveness if a country’s export and economic growth. Keynesian perspective explains this kind of growth as being demand-driven and that exports make up the exogenous component of collective demand that propels income growth. Exogenous component in this context refers to external/foreign/international components that drive internal growth of a company. Additionally, a fast growth of exports and output tends to set up a virtuous circle of growth through the connection between output growth and production growth. From a neoclassical endogenous growth point of view, a connection between exports and growth may be vindicated since the opening up of trade may be an incentive to a higher rate of endogenous technological change. A study conducted by Maizels in 1963 established a noteworthy relationship between the relative growth of the prime industrial nations and their share of the global export market in manufactures (Meliciani, 2001, p.

Using teaching styles to make positive contributions in physical education

Using teaching styles to make positive contributions in physical education The use of appropriate teaching styles makes an important contribution to childrens learning in physical education. Different teaching styles affect many aspects of teaching and learning, including the learning environment and the teachers ability to meet individual needs. As physical education has a wide spectrum of objectives according to Macfayden Bailey (2002) teachers should use a wide variety of teaching styles to ensure that pupils achieve the wide variety of techniques and skills that physical education has to offer. This study will consider the various definitions associated with the topic and pay specific attention to the spectrum of teaching styles proposed by Mosston Ashworth (1986). The study will then specifically focus on use of the productive and reproductive styles by analysing my own experience against findings from literature. The framework for teaching styles and behaviours came from work by Mosston (1966). The ideas that Mosston proposed have changed and adapted since the first publication of the framework. The interaction between teacher and student has been developed since his initial publication (Mosston Ashworth, 1986) and have provided a framework where the decisions are the main element and the relationship between the teacher and the learner has in making those decisions. So influential was it that the work by Nixon Locke (1973) described it as the most significant advance in the theory of physical education pedagogy in recent history. A teaching style is concerned with how an activity is delivered, rather than what is delivered, (Macfadyen Bailey, 2002). Research conducted by Siendentop (1991) has also suggested that a teaching style is typified by the instructional and managerial climate that exists during the lesson which can be observed in the main that the teacher interacts with the pupils and in some cases if there is an interaction at all. The Spectrum incorporates ten landmark styles based on the degree to which the teacher or the student assumes responsibility for what happens in a lesson. This describes a continuum, where at one extreme is the direct, teacher-led approach and at the other lies a much more open-ended and student-centred style where the teacher acts only in a facilitator role. Reproductive Teaching Styles: The reproductive or direct cluster includes the command, practice, reciprocal, self check and inclusion teaching styles (Mosston Ashworth, 2002). Direct styles of teaching require the learner to reproduce known material or knowledge by replicating a specific model. This often involves subject matter relating to concrete facts, rules or specific skills/movements (Rink, 2002). In order for pupils to recreate specific skills Derri Pachta (2007) identified that learners must first be provided with a correct technical model to emulate, sufficient time to practice the model and effective feedback related to the original model, with the correct technical model often being shown by the teacher. Research conducted by Pieron (1998) supports the use of the command teaching style as the author argues that copying the most efficient style (that of the teachers demonstration) is highly profitable. It is seen as more profitable because it saves time as the teacher has the overall responsibility f or correcting faults and it ensures that pupils receive accurate feedback. The research conducted by Salvara et al (2006) highlighted that the direct teaching styles specifically the command style has been shown to have a positive impact on class control and motor performance. Within my teaching I have found that using this style of teaching to be the most effective for class control especially when the class has a large number of pupils and when the class requires a lot of behaviour management strategies used to control to the class. However Pellett Blakemore (1997) conducted a study of task presentation and content performance of four teachers who all had difference levels of experience and found that students taught by an experienced teacher were more effective at performing the skills when compared to being taught by a teacher of little experience. My experience whilst on teacher training has also supported these findings as I was able to present the tasks more clearly to pupils when I had more experience in that particular activity. I was also able to differentiate the task to a higher level with activities that I was familiar with as I had more ideas and experience to draw upon, whereas with activities I had little experience of I found it more challenging to be creative and progress the pupils. This has resulted in me taking actions towards trying to improve subject knowledge in areas of the curriculum where my experience is lacking or insufficient. Research conducted by Griffey (1983) has found that when practicing skills students of lower ability benefited more from the command style of teaching as they had little previous experience to draw from. This is something that I have also noticed, when teaching lower ability groups it is more beneficial to give the instruction or demonstration of task to save time and when working with higher ability pupils allowing the more able pupils to demonstrate the skill to increase pupil motivation. These findings have not been supported by Goldberger Gerney (1990) who found that under circuit training conditions the lower ability pupils seemed to benefit more from the opportunity to make decisions about time spent practicing at each station. However within this study the practice style of teaching has also been examined. According to Byra (2000) in the practice style of teaching the learners work at their own pace and complete teacher designed tasks in the order they choose, the class is organised around stations and the teacher provides individual feedback to the learners. The most effective type of practice style of teaching I have used whilst on teaching experience was the use of circuit training as I chose the activities/skills/tasks to be practiced at each station and the pupils chose the intensity to which they performed as each station. In a study by Beckett (1991) on college age students the practice style has proved to be very effective in promoting motor skill changes. From my experience of using this style I discovered that it was not particularly useful at promoting learning when there was limited time or large groups as different ability pupils will progress at different times and take longer with certain skills. However the ages of pupils should be taken into consideration as my experie nce is from working with pupils aged 11-16 who because they are more susceptible to development in motor skills than college aged students. This may explain why Beckett did not notice any changes in motor skills as the subject in his study may have already fully developed. My experience has also been identified and supported by Goldberger Gerney (1986) Goldberger et al (1982). However I did find this style of teaching useful during a health and fitness unit of work where the amount of skill learning was minimal and the main focus on the lesson was for pupils to be active using circuit training and the learning was aimed at pupils being introduced to new knowledge or gaining a further understanding of current knowledge on different types of exercises rather than developing skills. The reciprocal style has also been examined by Goldberger Gerney (1986) Goldberger et al (1982). These researchers identified that in this style the learners work in pairs to achieve the outcomes. The teachers ability to give effective instruction/information is important when using this style as when one learner performs the other observes and gives feedback to the performer specific to the instruction that the teacher gives at the start of the task and when the performer completes the task the learners switch roles. From my experience the most effective ways of giving instruction are in the form of a demonstration or a criteria sheet, I also found that demonstrations are very effective when demonstrating skills that I can show high levels of competence. In addition to improved skill performance Goldberger (1992) also found that learners in the reciprocal style provided more feedback, expressed more empathy, offered more praise and encouragement and requested more feedback from ea ch other when compared to a control group. However from my experience of this style the pairing of pupils is important as if you pair pupils of different levels the feedback would either be to complex or too simple thus affecting the amount of learning and skill performance. Also when working with pupils/groups where behaviour management is an issue it is more beneficial for the teacher to pair the pupils according to ability rather than letting pupils pick their partner as this tends to lead to the pupils picking friends and being distracted and going off task. I have also found that the way in which you give the instruction also can have an effect on the lesson as task sheets often dont work with groups where behaviour management is an issue as they do not respond well to the resource and see it as something to mess about with rather than an educational tool. Byra Marks (1993) conducted a study which focuses on the reciprocal style and the effects that different pairings had on pupils engagement. This study highlighted pupils who were identified as friends gave more effective and specific feedback due to their comfort levels being higher as they were working with a friend. The authors also found that grouping by ability had no effect on the amount of feedback given or the comfort level which is in agreement with my own personal experiences. This studies findings suggests that pupil working with friends is beneficial however this study does not take into account the behaviour of the group which I have experienced can be a major contributing fact when pairing pupils. I have experienced when allowing pupils to work in friendship pairs can sometimes be detrimental when they feel the task is not rewarding or beneficial as they distract each other and sometimes dont complete the task. I have found that to pair pupils with friends is beneficial only when you have built a rapport with the pupils and are aware of how they react working with friends. My experience of this style is that it is also beneficial to use when assessing pupils providing they are aware of the grading criteria they can receive more feedback thus improving performance when compared to othe r direct teaching styles. In support of this Cox (1986) found that when comparing the reciprocal style against the command and practice styles that the amount of skill movements was very similar which was surprising as the reciprocal style involves a lot more feedback. It was also found that three times the number of feedback statements were offered to performers using the reciprocal style resulting in higher skills and knowledge gains along with the development of social relationship skills. According to Byra Jenkins (1998) within the inclusion style of teaching learners choose the level of difficulty within a task and assess their own skill performance. With this in mind the benefits of the inclusion style are that it provides pupils with the opportunity to engage in activity that is to their appropriate skill/knowledge level potentially increasing inclusion and engagement. My experience of using this style of teaching is that I have attempted to include it in all of my lessons as ensuring all pupils are included is essential to any lesson. However when allowing pupils to decided which skill level they work at often resulted in pupils choosing a level that is not appropriate whether that be to simple or too complex. This goes against the spectrum theory which suggests that the condition provided by the inclusion style should promote success for all learners (Mosston Ashworth, 1994). The findings of Goldberger Gerney (1986) Goldberger et al (1982) has supported my experience and observed that the majority of learners made inappropriate and ineffective decisions for their skill level by choosing levels that were too complex for them to reach success or the objectives even when encouraged or prompted by the teacher. From this I have learned to set boundaries for those pupils that make the task to difficult so for example when throwing and catching setting a maximum or minimum distance they can throw the ball. My experience has also taught me that this style is most effective when used with older pupils as they have a better self concept of their own ability and are less susceptible to peer pressure this was also observed by Beckett (1991). In study of college aged students Beckett (1991) found that the inclusion style to be as effective as the practice style for learner skill performance when learning motor skills. These finding do not support the conclusions of Goldberger Gerney (1986) Goldberger et al (1982) and it was suggested that the difference in students ages as a contributing factor which supports my experience. My experience of the Inclusion style has also highlighted the importance of planning and assessment for the lesson as I have already identified that pupils sometimes dont make the correct decisions. Therefore as a result of this I found it beneficial to assess the pupils who set boundaries and goals that may be above or below their level and pupils who do not work well together and then plan a strategy into the next lesson to ensure that those pupils remain focused and on task. Productive Teaching Styles: When compared to the reproductive teaching style the productive cluster of Mosston Ashworth (1994) spectrum of teaching styles has little background research. The productive cluster requires the learner to produce new knowledge, from my experience the teacher needs a high level of understanding and creativity to create or design scenarios. According to Byra (2000) within the productive styles of teaching pupils should engage in cognitive operations like problem solving, creative thinking, inventing and critical thinking to discover new movements. It is the responsibility of the teacher to provide time for cognitive processing therefore there needs to be a class climate focused on searching and examining and feedback for producing different solutions rather than the same generic response (Mosston Ashworth, 2002). According to Mosston Ashworth (1986) six teaching styles have been identified in the productive cluster they are guided discovery and convergent discovery which both require convergent thinking from the learners and divergent production, individual program learner design, learner initiated and self teaching which require divergent thinking from learners. The majority of the research in this area has studied the effects of the divergent discovery, convergent discovery and guided discovery. In a study by Cleland Gallahue (1993) divergent movement patterns were observed to establish baseline information and to examine the different factors that contribute to a childs production of divergent movement. The findings highlighted that learners could modify, adopt and combine fundamental movement patterns to produce divergent movement. In a further study Cleland (1994) compared the divergent discovery style against the command style and a no instruction control group to examine the learners ability to produce divergent movement. The findings of this study were that students generated a greater number of divergent movements under the divergent discovery condition. The researcher concluded that employing critical thinking in the form of the divergent discovery style positively effects learners ability to generate a higher quantity of divergent movement patterns. My experience of using this teaching style is that the pupils age/maturity and experience levels are major contributing factors as learners with low levels of experience have limited subject knowledge to draw from thus affecting their ability to modify current skills/movement my experience has also been supported by the findings of Cleland Gallahue (1993). As the previous research suggests a pupils ability to think critically is important within the productive cluster of teaching styles, wish this in mind Cleland Pearse (1995) conducted a study which examined the methods that physical education teachers use to ensure that pupils use critical thinking. Critical thinking has been defined by McBride (1992) as reflective thinking is used to make reasonable decisions about movement tasks or challenges (page 115). This studies conclusion match with my experience which was that this style was most effective when employing the practice style of teaching to give instruction/deliver the subject knowledge then adopting guided discovery and convergent discovery to allow the pupils to think critically. The study also highlighted that the more experienced teachers were able to create a more effective environment for the pupils to use creative thinking skills McBride (1992). From my experience I have also been able to agree with these findings as I felt more comfortable creating an environment that was conducive to creative thinking when teaching a subject I had more experience in as I was able to give more effective feedback. The research presented to this point has seemed to favour the use of the productive teaching styles especially when creating cognitive learning however there is conflicting research presented by Salter Graham (1985). Salter Graham (1985) examined the effects of the command style, guided discovery style and no instruction on learners skill learning, cognitive learning and skill attempts. The results showed that although their was evidence that learning occurred using all three styles the pupils in the guided discovery and command style recorded significantly better cognitive learning compared to no instruction. For skill attempts however learners in the no instruction style made significantly more attempts at the task than learners in the other styles. The researchers went onto recommend that a longer practice time than 20 minutes may have resulted in the guided discovery having more skill learning, cognitive learning and skill attempts as this style requires longer practice time fo r the full benefits to be witnessed. From my own experience this is something which I have also observed as pupils respond better when they have longer periods of time to experiment different skill movements. My experience has also taught me that to increase the practice time requires effective instruction delivery which has also been identified by Cleland Pearse (1995). Conclusion: In conclusion several research questions have been answered about the reproductive styles of teaching; what the effects of the reproductive styles have on learning, how learners of different ability level are influenced by different styles, what effect pairings have on pupils ability to give effective feedback, what factors influence learners decision making and what effect the different styles have on learners ability to learn new knowledge. The findings from the productive style are; can learners employ critical thinking, what is the effect of productive styles on learners ability to produce divergent movement and how can teachers promote critical thinking. The amount of research that is available for the productive styles of teaching in limited when compared to the breadth of research studies on the reproductive teaching styles. However, a study by Cothran et al. (2000) has identify that teachers reported using a variety of style in their lessons yet only one productive style was in the top five styles used. Although it is encouraging that teachers report using a variety these results must be interpreted as it suggests that teachers over estimate the variety of teaching styles used thus affecting the amount of research there is available in relation to the productive styles of teaching. Research conducted by Goldberger (1992) has identified that the reason that may remain unconvinced or unsure of the styles use is because of the lack of confirmatory research on those styles. Therefore further research is needed into the productive styles of teaching to provide teachers with a knowledge base on how these styles can be effective at promoting learning. Recommendations: These findings have provided an initial insight into the use of teaching styles across a theoretically linked spectrum. One noticeable exception was that there is conflict within the research findings and not all researchers reported the same findings which identifies that there are a significant amount of variables related to spectrum research and that the variable that is being focused on should be properly investigated by using the correct research method. Spectrum research needs to continue as not all findings regarding assumptions associated to the spectrum have not been supported. However, some assumptions have been confirmed within this study for example the reciprocal style does in fact facilitate the provision of feedback, more so than any another style and having learners chose their partners based on friendships helps improve social skills (Byra Marks, 1993). Other assumptions like, the self check and inclusion styles are the most effective at promoting cognitive developm ent and the inclusion style is most effective at improving participation of low, medium and high ability learners still needs to be examined. Replication studies also need to be conducted in different environments as the research findings and my experience would suggest that the reciprocal style is an effective style at promoting feedback. However, would it be as effective at facilitating learning with different aged pupils in different schools where behaviour management has a far greater emphasis in lessons. After reviewing the appropriate relevant literature and reflecting on my own personal experiences I feel that the use of appropriate teaching styles makes an important contribution to pupils learning in Physical Education and should not be left to chance. Physical Education can provide pupils with the opportunity to think critically, problem solve and to improve own learning. Pupils will be able to think about what they are doing and make decisions independently and know when to use principles such as choreography, games strategies and problem solving. If pupils are to access the full National Curriculum for Physical Education (NCPE) (DfEE/QCA, 1999) and to achieve the outcomes of high quality Physical Education (QCA/DfES, 2005), teachers must employ a variety of appropriate teaching styles to facilitate the opportunities that Physical Education offers. It is because of this that both reproductive and productive teaching styles should be used to enhance learning and motivation.